Diseases & conditions A-Z List
Diseases & Conditions A-Z List - «O»:
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Organic brain syndrome
Organic brain syndrome (OBS) is a general term used to describe decreased mental function due to a medical disease, other than a psychiatric illness. It is often used synonymously (but incorrectly) with dementia.
Causes
Disorders associated with OBS include:
Brain injury caused by trauma
Bleeding ...
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Orgasmic dysfunction
Orgasmic dysfunction is when a woman either can't reach orgasm, or has difficulty reaching orgasm when she is sexually excited.
CAUSES, INCIDENCE, AND RISK FACTORS
The condition is called primary orgasmic dysfunction when a woman has never had an orgasm. This is the case in 10 - 15% of women. It is ...
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Oropharynx lesion biopsy
An oropharynx lesion biopsy is surgery in which tissue from an abnormal growth or mouth sore is removed and checked for problems.
How the Test is Performed
A painkiller or numbing medicine is first applied to the area. For large sores or sores of the throat, general anesthesia may be needed. All or...
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Orthopedic services
Orthopedics, or orthopedic services, is the medical specialty that involves the treatment of the musculoskeletal system, which is made up of your body’s bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles.
Information
Any number of medical problems can affect the bones, joints, ligaments, tendons...
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Osgood-Schlatter disease
Osgood-Schlatter disease is a painful swelling of the bump on the front, upper part of the lower leg bone. This bump is called the anterior tibial tubercle.
Causes
Osgood-Schlatter disease is thought to be caused by small, usually unnoticed, injuries caused by repeated overuse before growth of the ...
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Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome is an inherited disorder of the blood vessels that can cause excessive bleeding.
Causes
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome is an inherited condition. It can affect males or females of any ethnic or racial group.
People with this condition can develop abnormal blood vessels called...
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Osmolality - blood
Osmality is a test that measures the concentration of all chemical particles found in the fluid part of blood.
How the Test is Performed
Blood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health ...
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Osmolality - urine
The osmolality urine test the concentration of particles in urine. Osmolality (particles/kg water) and osmolarity (particles/liter of solution) are sometimes confused, but for dilute fluids such as urine they are essentially the same.
A blood test may also be done to measure osmolality. See: Serum o...
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Osmotic diuresis
Osmotic diuresis is increased urination due to the presence of certain substances in the fluid filtered by the kidneys. (This fluid eventually becomes urine.)
Causes
High blood sugar (glucose) can cause osmotic diuresis, as can medications such as Mannitol....
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Osmotic fragility
Osmotic fragility is a test to detect whether red blood cells are more likely to break down.
How the Test is Performed
Blood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care pro...
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Osteitis fibrosa
Osteitis fibrosa is a complication of hyperparathyroidism in which the bones turn soft and become deformed.
Causes
The parathyroid glands are four glands in the neck that help control calcium use and removal by the body. They do this by producing parathyroid hormone, or PTH. PTH helps control calci...
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Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder.
Causes
In osteoarthritis, the cushioning (cartilage) between the bones wears away in the joints. As osteoarthritis gets worse, the cartilage disappears and bone rubs on bone. Bony spurs or growths usually form around the joint. The ligaments an...
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a condition causing extremely fragile bones.
Causes
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a congenital disease, meaning it is present at birth. It is frequently caused by defect in the gene that produces type 1 collagen, an important building block of bone. There are many diffe...
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Osteomalacia
Osteomalacia is softening of the bones due to a lack of vitamin D or a problem with the body's ability to break down and use this vitamin.
Causes
The softer bones seen in persons with osteomalacia have a normal amount of collagen, which gives the bones its structure, but lack the proper amount of c...
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Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is an acute or chronic bone infection.
Causes
Bone infection can be caused by bacteria (more common) or fungi (less common).
Infection may spread to a bone from infected skin, muscles, or tendons next to the bone, as in osteomyelitis that occurs under a chronic skin ulcer (sore).
The...
