South Sudan disease: Disease in South Sudan, one of the poorest areas in the world and home to many maladies including malaria, river blindness, nodding syndrome, guinea worm disease, African sleeping sicknness, visceral leishmaniasis, and Buruli ulcer. Some of these diseases are rare or unheard of outside South Sudan. Malaria has reached alarming levels there. South Sudan has been called "the forgotten front line when it comes to health."