Trade Names:YFVax- Powder for injection, lyophilized, not less than 4.74 log 10 plaque-forming units per 0.5 mL dose when reconstituted
Live virus vaccine that induces neutralizing antibodies to yellow fever virus.
Immunity develops by 10th day after primary vaccination.
Immunity persists for at least 30 to 35 yr; however, reimmunization is required by International Health Regulations every 10 yr for those at continuing risk of exposure.
Active immunization for yellow fever of people 9 mo of age and older traveling to endemic areas (eg, areas of South America or Africa where yellow fever infection is officially reported at the time of travel, travel outside urban areas of countries that do not officially report the disease but lie in a yellow fever endemic zone); the vaccine may be required for international travel; for laboratory personnel who might be exposed to virulent yellow fever virus or to concentrated preparations of the vaccine strain by direct or indirect contact or by aerosols.
Infants younger than 9 mo of age; immunosuppressed patients; history of acute hypersensitivity to eggs or egg products.
Subcutaneous 0.5 mL.
Vaccine is shipped frozen in container with solid carbon dioxide. Do not use unless shipping case contains some dry ice upon arrival. Upon receipt, store lyophilized vaccine in freezer (32° to −41°F). Do not refreeze.
Immunosuppressive effect of corticosteroid may decrease immunogenicity to yellow fever vaccine and increase the risk of adverse reactions.
None well documented.
Asthenia; fatigue; malaise; mild headaches.
Renal failure.
Lymphocytopenia; thrombocytopenia.
Elevated hepatocellular enzymes; histopathologic liver changes (including councilman bodies, microvesicular fatty changes, midzonal necrosis); hyperbilirubinemia.
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions (characterized by asthma, rash, urticaria).
Edema; erythema; hypersensitivity; mass at injection site; pain; rash.
Myalgia.
Respiratory failure.
Encephalitis; low-grade fever; neurotropic disease.
MonitorMonitor patient for possible adverse reactions. Report suspected adverse reactions following immunization to the Department of Health and Human Services Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. |
Category C . Seroconversion rate is markedly reduced in pregnant women.
Undetermined.
Contraindicated in infants less than 9 mo of age because of risk of encephalitis.
Patients older than 65 yr of age have an increased risk for systemic adverse reactions; carefully monitor for adverse reactions for 10 days postvaccination.
Do not administer to patients with history of acute hypersensitivity to eggs or egg products; anaphylaxis may occur. Anaphylaxis also may occur in individuals with no prior history of hypersensitivity to the vaccine components. Epinephrine injection (1:1,000) should always be immediately available.
Asymptomatic HIV infectionMonitor patients with asymptomatic HIV infection for adverse effects. If possible, document protective antibody response before travel.
CorticosteroidsSystemic corticosteroid therapy (eg, prednisone) may have an immunosuppressant effect that potentially decreases immunogenicity and increases risk of adverse effects.
DesensitizationIf immunization is imperative in a patient with history of severe egg sensitivity and a positive skin test to yellow fever vaccine, desensitization may be attempted using the following successive doses of yellow fever vaccine administered subcutaneously at 15- to 20-min intervals: 0.05 mL of 1:10 dilution, 0.05 mL of full strength, 0.1 mL of full strength, 0.15 mL of full strength, then 0.2 mL of full strength. Necessary emergency resuscitation equipment must be immediately available during this process.
Immunosuppressed patientsYellow fever vaccine, a live virus vaccine, poses a risk of encephalitis or other serious adverse reactions to patients with illnesses that commonly result in immunosuppression (eg, AIDs, generalized malignancy, leukemia), or patients whose immunologic responses are suppressed by drug therapy or radiation. Immunosuppressed patients should not be immunized with yellow fever vaccine; travel to endemic areas should be postponed or avoided. Family members of immunosuppressed patients may receive yellow fever vaccine.
Latex sensitivityStopper of the vial contains dry natural latex rubber that may cause allergic reactions in latex sensitive individuals.
RevaccinationImmunologically healthy patients who fail to develop an immune response to an initial vaccination may do so upon revaccination.
Vaccine-associated neurotropic disease (postvaccinal encephalitis)Is a known but rare adverse reaction associated with yellow fever vaccination. Risk factors are immunosuppression and younger than 9 mo of age.
Viscerotropic disease (multiple organ system failure)Yellow fever vaccine is a possible, but rare, cause of vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease.
None reported.
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