Diseases & conditions A-Z List
Diseases & Conditions A-Z List - «I»:
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Infant - newborn development
Infant development is usually divided into the following areas:
Cognitive
Language
Physical
Fine motor (holding a spoon, pincer grasp)
Gross motor (head control, sitting, walking)
Social
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT:
The physical development of the infant begins at the head, then progresses to other ...
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Infant botulism
Infant botulism is a potentially life-threatening disease in which the bacteria Clostridium botulinum grows within the baby's gastrointestinal tract.
Causes
Clostridium botulinum is a spore-forming organism that is common in nature. The spores may be found in soil and certain foods (such as honey ...
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Infant formulas
Infant formulas are food products designed to provide for the nutritional needs of infants under 1 year old. They include powders, concentrated liquids, or ready-to-use forms.
See also:
Appropriate diet for age
Breastfeeding
Food Sources
A variety of formulas are available for infants younger...
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Infant of a substance-abusing mother
Maternal substance abuse may consist of any combination of drug, chemical, alcohol, or smoking use during the pregnancy.
While in the womb, a fetus grows and develops due to the nourishment from the mother via the placenta. However, along with nutrients, any toxins in the mother’s system may ...
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Infant of diabetic mother
An infant of a diabetic mother is a baby born to a mother who has diabetes. The phrase specifically refers to a baby who is born to a mother who had persistently high blood sugar (glucose) levels during pregnancy.
Causes
High blood sugar levels in pregnant women often have specific effects on their...
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Infant reflexes
A reflex is an involuntary muscle reaction to a certain type of stimulation. Certain sensations or movements are known to produce specific muscular responses.
Considerations
The presence and strength of a reflex is an important sign of neurological development and function.
Many infant reflexes dis...
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Infant test/procedure preparation
For older children, research has shown that preparation may reduce crying or resistance of the procedure. Prepared children report less pain and show less distress. Proper preparation for a test or procedure may reduce an older child's anxiety, encourage cooperation, and help develop coping skills.
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Infectious endocarditis
Infectious endocarditis is an infection of the lining of the heart chambers and heart valves that is caused by bacteria, fungi, or other infectious substances.
See also:
Culture-negative endocarditis
Endocarditis
Causes
Endocarditis is usually a result of a blood infection. Bacteria or other ...
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Infectious myringitis
Infectious myringitis is a contagious disease that causes painful blisters on the eardrum (tympanum). It may occur with a middle ear infection (otitis media).
Causes
Infectious myringitis is a viral or bacterial infection. It is usually a complication of a common cold virus. Rarely, it may be cause...
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Infertility
Primary infertility describes couples who have never been able to become pregnant after at least 1 year of unprotected sex (intercourse).
Secondary infertility describes couples who have been pregnant at least once, but have not been able to become pregnant again.
Causes
Causes of infertility inclu...
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Infertility - resources
The following organizations are good resources for information on infertility:
American Society for Reproductive Medicine - www.asrm.org
RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association - www.resolve.org
Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology - www.sart.org
Alternative Names
Resources - inf...
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Inflatable artificial sphincter
Sphincters are muscles that allow your body to hold in urine. An inflatable artificial (human-made) sphincter is a medical device that keeps urine from leaking when your urinary sphincter no longer works well. When you need to urinate, the cuff of the artificial sphincter can be relaxed so urine can...
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Influenza vaccine
An influenza vaccine protects people against the flu.
Information
The flu is a contagious respiratory disease caused by an influenza virus. In the U.S., flu outbreaks typically occur in winter months. Symptoms include fever, chills, sore muscles, and cough. Thousands of people in the U.S. die each ...
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Ingrown toenail
An ingrown toenail occurs when the edge of the nail grows down and into the skin of the toe. There may be pain, redness, and swelling around the nail.
Causes
An ingrown toenail can result from a number of things, but poorly fitting shoes and toenails that are not trimmed properly are the most commo...
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Inguinal hernia - discharge
You had surgery to repair an inguinal hernia caused by a weakness in the abdominal wall in your groin area. You probably had general anesthesia (asleep, pain-free). You may have had a small hernia that was repaired while you were given local anesthesia (awake but pain-free).
Your nurse will give you...
